Acta Mechanica Slovaca - Latest articles
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Energy-Efficient Optimization of Refrigeration Systems for Large-Volume Cooling Applications
Waldemar Woźniak, Michał Sąsiadek
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(4):58-63 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2026.006 
This work aims to analyse and optimise key parameters of refrigeration technology intended for large-capacity spaces, with an emphasis on energy efficiency, temperature stability, and operational reliability. The research focuses on identifying the factors that influence the efficiency of cooling systems, including temperature and pressure conditions, flow parameters, cooling distribution, and equipment structural layout. Through simulation models and experimental measurements, optimisation procedures are proposed to reduce energy consumption, minimise thermal losses, and increase overall system performance. The results provide recommendations for...
Automatic Corrector of Forming Operations during Forging on High Speed Forging Machines
Kamil Sikora
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(4):54-57 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2026.007
Currently, the wear of anvils on speed forging machines is mostly checked manually, using calibration gauges. In practice, an authorized worker, on the instructions of the machinist, measures the finished forging with a calibrated gauge and this dimension is compared with the final setting of the forging program. The problem is that the program information on the clamping of the anvils does not take their wear into account. During the forging of bars with diameters greater than 200 mm, excessive die wear frequently occurs. Worn dies subsequently measure the in process dimensions of the forged bars inaccurately. In response, a new measurement method...
Implementation of Audio Guidance in Unity VR Simulations
Erik Varjú, Juraj Kováč
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(4):50-53 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.029
This article presents a guided virtual reality (VR) simulation for the assembly of a robotic arm, developed in Unity 3D using the VR Builder framework. The simulation is designed for educational and training purposes, targeting engineers and technical professionals seeking an interactive understanding of mechanical assembly processes. It runs on the Meta Quest 3 headset in full VR mode, using controllers for object interaction. The primary aim is to demonstrate how immersive environments can enhance comprehension of part functionality and assembly order through intuitive interaction and audio guidance. The simulation consists of a short assembly sequence...
Inter-device Consistency in 3D Burn Surface Estimation
Katarína Dudová, Bibiána Ondrejová, Branko Štefanovič, Lucia Bednarčíková, Jozef Živčák
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(4):44-49 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.031
The objective of this study was to estimate whether the Revopoint Miraco portable 3D scanner provides sufficient accuracy in comparison to the Artec Eva for measuring burn wound surfaces. A total of 26 anatomical regions were scanned in 11 patients. The results demonstrated good agreement between the two devices, with a mean relative difference of 4.1%. Additionally, the study assessed the advantages and limitations of each scanner in terms of operational workflow, user-friendliness, and portability.
Vibration-Controlled Jet Breakup for Monodisperse Droplet Formation in a Rotating Granulation System
Dmitry Zabitsky, Ruslan Ostroha
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(4):36-43 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2026.005
This study examines vibration-controlled jet breakup and its role in droplet formation in a rotating granulation system. A 22 full factorial experimental design was used to evaluate the combined influence of actuator position (5/30 mm) and liquid column height (120/450 mm) on the forced vibration regime. A regression model confirmed the presence of structural-dynamic interaction between these parameters. Experimental observations showed that stable monodisperse droplets were obtained at a liquid column height of 380 mm, vibration frequency of 380 Hz, and amplitude of 100 µm, where periodic pinch-off occurred without satellite droplets....
Calibration of Pressure Gauges
Dmytro Malakhov, Tatiana Kelemenová
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(4):28-34 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2026.001
The aim of this work is to verify and calibrate a mechanical Bourdon-tube pressure gauge for which the manufacturer provides only basic specifications. Before such instruments are integrated into industrial or laboratory systems, additional information about their behaviour-such as linearity, systematic error, hysteresis, and measurement uncertainty-is required to ensure reliable operation and compliance with metrological standards. This paper presents a practical methodology for the rapid identification of the key metrological parameters of a pressure gauge. The procedure uses a pneumatic pressure source and a high-accuracy reference gauge to compare...
Virtual Prototyping of Electric Vehicle Powertrain Using Multibody Dynamics and Spline-Based Motor Models
Jozef Bucha, Zarko Miskovic, Tomáš Milesich
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(4):22-27 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.030
This paper presents the development and validation of a multibody dynamics (MBD) model for the VW e-Up Boost electric vehicle using Adams/Car software. The study focuses on modeling the vehicle's powertrain system, which includes a front-mounted electric motor and two rear Emrax 288 electric motors. The powertrain model utilizes spline-based torque characteristics to accurately represent electric motor behaviour. A three-level modeling approach (template, subsystem, and assembly) is implemented to create a comprehensive vehicle simulation environment. The vehicle model incorporates a modified suspension system with MacPherson struts at both front and...
Mathematical Modeling to Compute Topological Indices of Some Polymers Using Graph Polynomials
Muhammad Irfan, Amina Rasool, Khalid Pervaiz, Hamood Ur Rehman
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(4):6-21 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2026.003
Graph theory offers powerful tools for modeling, designing, analyzing, and understanding the features of chemical structures and networks. In this framework, atoms are represented as vertices and chemical bonds as edges, forming a molecular graph. This paper focuses on the chemical graphs of Styrene Acrylonitrile (SAN) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). Styrene Acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers have been available since 1940. Their increased toughness compared to styrene made them suitable for various applications. However, SAN's limitations led to the addition of rubber (butadiene) as a third monomer, giving rise to Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene...
Analysing the Mechanical Behaviour of Sandwich Beams and the Impact of Geometric Shape on Bending Performance
Naili Takieddine, Ghouari Lahcene, , Benatmane Charafeddine, Nouar Salim
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(3):62-74 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.021
This study attempts to study the effect of geometric and mechanical properties on the bending behaviour of simply reinforced sandwich beams. According to the theory of simple beams. We used ABAQUS 2016 and the C3D8R element type with a consistent mesh size of 2 mm to simulate a three-point bending configuration with displacements of 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm. Tangential behaviour was used to simulate contact interactions. Numerical results for stresses and displacements were calculated. We modelled the bending behaviours of two models of aluminium alloy EN AW-1050A beams loaded with imposed displacements by bending. The comparison was made using a honeycomb...
Path Optimization of a Mobile Robot Platform with a Robotic Arm
Patrik Pilát, Jozef Varga, Ján Semjon, Matúš Sabol
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(3):54-60 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.023
This paper presents the development and simulation of a path optimization approach for a mobile assistive service robot equipped with a robotic manipulator arm to operate in hot gas chamber. The proposed control architecture integrates Model Predictive Control (MPC) with Jacobian-based Inverse Kinematics (IK) for enabling smooth, adaptive motion planning even under dynamically changing environmental conditions. A Matlab based simulation setup was used to verify the control approach using random disturbances to simulate real-world complications like payload mass variations, centre of gravity shifts, and obstacle interference. Results show that MPC adapts...
Modern Combustion Technologies and Their Contribution to the Development of Industrial Energy
Romana Dobáková, Milan Fiľo
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(3):48-53 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.027
The article discusses the planned implementation of a new biomass boiler in an industrial enterprise, which represents an important step towards increasing the company's energy self-sufficiency and sustainable operation. The technology described is based on a high-pressure fluidized bed steam boiler with a connected backpressure turbine. This solution will enable more efficient electricity generation and rational use of available heat. As part of the assessment process, an analysis of capital investments, operational benefits, and environmental impacts was carried out.
Influence of Double Layer Configuration on the Quality of the Sheared Edge of Blanks Produced from Soft Electrical Steel
Martin Matej Benda, Emil Spišák, Peter Mulidrán, Ľuboš Kaščák
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(3):42-47 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.024
Blanking in double layered configuration is unexplored technology producing blanks with quality of the sheared edge that cannot be predicted accurately using same criteria as in prediction of blanks produced by conventional blanking as each layer in configuration is blanked under different conditions. While the top layer is in contact with the set geometry of the punch and blankholder, the die is replaced with bottom layer. In the case of the bottom layer, it is in contact with set geometry of the die and the punch is replaced with the top layer. Research on double layer samples and conventional samples was conducted. Samples were observed under Keyence...
Electrical Energy Generation using Thermoelectric Modules and Plane Mirror Solar Collector
Francis Onoroh, Adeyinka Abdulquadri Oluwo, Nehemiah Sabinus Alozie
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(3):30-40 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.022
The negative effects of global warming resulting from an over-reliance on fossil fuels have been more apparent in recent times. The impending depletion of these resources is a significant threat to humankind's future. Thus, the necessity of creating safe, reliable, and sustainable energy sources is becoming more widely acknowledged. This research developed a solar thermoelectric generator using a plane mirror as a concentrator. The system consists of a plane mirror to concentrate sunlight, a receiver plate, TEG1-241-1.4-1.2 modules, a heat sink, a storage battery, and a power inverter. Temperature across the modules' interface was measured and is used...
Design of Control System Architecture for Intelligent Fixture
Ján Kušnír, Jozef Brindza, Michal Demko, Filip Dominik, Marek Vrabeľ
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(3):24-29 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.025
We present a compact architecture for an intelligent fixture aimed at stabilizing the milling of thin-walled aerospace parts. The system fuses multi-sensor inputs tri-axial accelerometers (5-30 kHz) for vibration/chatter, strain or dynamometer signals (1-5 kHz) for cutting/clamping loads, and low-rate pressure/temperature (≤ 100 Hz) for thermal/fixturing state with an "edge to cloud" computing stack. A Raspberry Pi 5 performs synchronized windowing (0.5-1.0 s, 50% overlap), time-frequency analysis (STFT/wavelets), and lightweight features (RMS, crest factor, band energies, relative wavelet energy, entropy). Unsupervised detectors (one-class models,...
Uterine Factor Infertility: Current Therapeutic Frontiers and the Promise of Uterine Bioengineering
Zuzana Trebuňová, Erik Dosedla, Jozef Živčák, Peter Frankovský
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(3):16-22 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.026
Absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI), resulting from congenital absence or non-functionality of the uterus, affects approximately 1 in 500 women of reproductive age and remains one of the most challenging forms of female infertility. While uterine transplantation has enabled successful pregnancies, it is associated with substantial limitations including donor scarcity, long-term immunosuppression, and ethical concerns. As a promising alternative, uterine tissue engineering aims to restore reproductive function using biocompatible scaffolds, often combined with stem or progenitor cells. This review summarizes current experimental and clinical...
Diagnostics of Fault in wind Turbine Rolling Eelement Bearing using Frequency Analysis
Fatima Zohra Cherrad, Chakib Drif, Houria Salhi, Abdenour Soualhi, Hamou Nouri
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(3):6-14 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.015
This paper is devoted to the study of wind turbine bearing failures. As maintenance costs in the wind industry are quite high, we are interested in developing approaches to minimize costs and optimize wind turbine downtimes and ensure the safety of people and property. Different techniques are used for fault analysis such as short-time Fourier transform, wavelet analysis, model-based analysis and vibration method. Each analysis technique has its preferred field of application. This paper explains the procedure for detecting bearing faults using Electromechanics analysis by characterizing each fault by a well-defined frequency. The analysis is carried...
Design of a Device for Recycling Metal Hydride Alloys Prior to Melting
Peter Čurma, Marián Lázár, Natália Jasminská, Peter Milenovský
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(2):54-58 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.019
The present article deals with the recycling of metal hydride alloys, as part of the melting process, conducted with the use of a newly-designed prototype device. Individual induction heating parameters that affect the efficiency of the process of melting metal hydride alloys are analysed. The induction heating method, its effects on the melted metal hydride alloy, and potential optimisation of the recycling process are analysed in detail. The article also presents specific designs of the induction heating apparatus, including a crucible. The construction of the oscillator module, the source module, and the water-cooling module that are required for...
Using a WEB-camera to Measure the Displacement of the Measuring Mark on a Rotating Object
Oleksandr Gorshenin
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(2):46-53 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.013
This paper provides a scientific justification for the potential to achieve a specified accuracy in measuring the spatial position of a tracking mark on a controlled rotating object using data from a cost-effective video camera. We conduct an error analysis of the displacement measurements of the tracking marker between consecutive frames in a video stream. A mathematical model is proposed to estimate the root mean square (RMS) error in the displacement of the marker within the image plane for a remote, non-contact position measurement sensor. This model accounts for camera parameters, marker characteristics, lighting conditions, and image distortions...
Tortuosity Decoder as a Tool for Evaluating Tramway Overhead Contact Line Parameters
Peter Onderčo, Jan Rybář, Jozef Leja, Sohaibullah Zarghoon
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(2):38-44 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.018
This paper describes a tortuosity decoder used to measure the parameters of overhead contact lines for tram systems. The decoder is integrated into the pantograph of the measuring tram operated by Dopravný podnik Bratislava, a. s. (Bratislava Transport Company). Its primary function is to assess the tortuosity of the overhead contact lines, which is linked to the wear of carbon strips on trams. Additionally, it monitors the stable and reliable contact between the pantograph and the overhead contact line. This measurement is crucial for ensuring the smooth operation of urban public transport, directly impacting the quality of services and overall transportation...
Effect of Mechanical Activation Frequency on the Reactivity of Phosphate Rock Mixtures in an Impact Mill
Maksym Skydanenko, Ruslan Ostroha, Jozef Bocko, Mykola Yukhymenko, Iryna Vaskina, Hynek Roubík
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(2):32-37 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.020
This article presents the results of an experimental investigation into the mechanical activation of a phosphate rock mixture using a single-rotor impact activator. The key indicators used to assess the effectiveness of activation were the content of water-soluble P2O5 and the heat of dissolution of phosphorite in hydrochloric acid. The obtained graphical data illustrate a clear improvement in these parameters with increasing rotational speed and frequency of mechanical impacts on the material particles. Analysis of the results revealed that both the content of accessible P2O5 and the heat of phosphorite dissolution increased by approximately 15-20%...
Enhancing Residual Stress Mitigation in SLM-Fabricated Ti6Al4V Through Process Parameter Optimization and Remelting Techniques
Marek Gazda, Jiří Hajnyš, Akash Nag, Jana Petrů, Quoc-Phu Ma
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(2):26-31 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.016
This study investigates the reduction of residual stresses in Ti6Al4V parts produced via Selective Laser Melting (SLM) by optimizing process parameters and incorporating remelting techniques. The effects of laser power, scanning speed, hatch distance, and remelting cycles were analysed using bridge-shaped samples and deformation angle measurements. The Design of Experiment (DoE) study with Taguchi method was utilized to optimize the number of parameter combinations, effectively reducing the number of required experiments. In addition, a modified Volumetric Energy Density (VED) formula accounting for remelting cycles was proposed to provide deeper insights...
EHS Data Integration into Production Monitoring Tools
Peter Krajny, Jaroslava Janekova
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(2):20-25 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.014
With the rapid advancement of digitalization, data modeling and management have become increasingly significant. This study explores the digitization of diverse data types and their interconnection within a real-world automotive manufacturing environment. The proposed framework integrates two independent online applications: one responsible for collecting and processing production data and the other designed to assess ergonomic conditions at workstations. The study examines the feasibility of linking these systems, enabling continuous monitoring of operator workload. This integration aims to mitigate occupational health risks and evaluate how ergonomic...
CNC Machine Tool Accuracy and Repeatability Measurement Strategy: Analysis and Statistical Evaluation
Michal Holub, Adam Jelinek, Tomas Marek, Jiri Marek, Vojtech Frkal
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(2):14-19 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.017
Several factors can affect the accuracy and repeatability results of CNC machine tool positioning. One of the factors is to set up a measurement strategy for both linear and rotary axes based on standards such as ISO 230-2:2014 and VDI 3441. Measurement procedures (strategies) can be modified according to the purpose of the measurement, such as for a quick assessment of the current state of the linear axis, or a more time-consuming measurement to increase the accuracy of the linear axis. They can also be measurements designed for various diagnostic purposes and for better analysis of the measured data. This paper describes modern methods of measuring...
Novel Geometric Shape to Enhance Bending Resistance in Sandwich Panels: Core Optimization
Habib Achache, Rachid Zahi, Bachir Bachir Bouiadjra, Djaafar Ait Kaci, Ali Benouis
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(2):6-13 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.005
The mechanical strength of a sandwich composite material is determined by the interaction between its two outer plates and core structure. This study aims to optimize the geometric and mechanical properties of a sandwich composite through a systematic approach using three-dimensional finite element modeling (FEM) combined with the design of experiments (DOE). Three core geometries (square, hexagon, and square-circle) were evaluated to identify the configuration that maximizes load-bearing capacity while minimizing displacement under stress. Each configuration was tested with various fibre orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°) and composite materials (glass/epoxy,...
Study of Damage in Woven Composite Materials Subjected to Impact
M. Djilali Beida, Habib Achache, Rachid Zahi
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(1):58-62 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2024.027
This study focuses on modeling the low-velocity impact behaviour of textile-shaped composites. Textile preforms are modeled using Texgen software. Six types of fabrics are considered: Twill (2/2) [0]4, twill (2/2) sequence [0/30/-30/0], twill (2/2) sequence [0/45/-45/0], and plain weave [0]4, plain weave sequence [0/30/-30/0], plain weave sequence [0/45/-45/0]. For the study of fabric damage under impact, the commercial finite element software Ls-dyna is used in transient regime. The "automatic-surface to-surface" approach is employed to model the contact between the impactor and the laminate, while the contact between fibres and the matrix is modeled...
Internet of Things in the Context of Digital Online Revolution in Marketing of Bosch Campaign LikeABosch
Zuzana Dzilská, František Pollák
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(1):50-57 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.012
The Internet of Things (IoT) is fundamentally changing our everyday lives. It contributes to improving the quality and prosperity of life. This study aims to analyse the change that technology brings to daily life and on analysing the IoT marketing media campaign LikeABosch between the years 2019 and 2023 within the geographical territory of Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, UK and USA. The study methodology includes collection of secondary data available at the annual Tech Compass Survey. In 2019 Bosch published a campaign LikeABosch promoting Bosch IoT products. Based on the number of views of the media campaign on youtube.com under the brand...
A Pilot Study on 3D-Printed Impression Trays for Cleft Palate: A Digital Manufacturing Approach
Natália Savková, Branko Štefanovič, Marek Schnitzer, Juraj Bánovčin, Jozef Živčák
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(1):44-48 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.011
Cleft lip and palate (CLP), affect approximately 1 in 756 births and require comprehensive, individualized treatment strategies. Among the first important interventions is the creation of impression trays for nasoalveolar molding (NAM) plates, which help separate the oral and nasal cavities in newborns. However, traditional tray fabrication methods are labour-intensive, imprecise, and unsuitable for mass production. This study investigates the use of reverse engineering and additive manufacturing (3D printing) to streamline and enhance the production of CLP impression trays. Seventeen tray models were digitally designed using 3D scanning and computer-aided...
Influence of Environmental Factors on Sleep Quality: Analyzing Light Exposure and Sleep Duration with Smartwatch Data
Veronika Sedláková, Radovan Hudák, Peter Kneppo, Dominik Hakulin
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(1):36-43 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.010
Artificial lighting significantly influences circadian rhythms and sleep quality. This case study investigates the impact of environmental factors including temperature, relative humidity, CO₂ concentration, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and exposure to different light spectra on light sleep duration in a single subject. Sleep data were collected using a Xiaomi Mi Band 6 smart wristband, while environmental parameters were monitored with a custom Arduino-based sensor system. The results indicate that the optimal temperature for light sleep ranges between 17 and 21 °C, with the longest light sleep recorded at approximately 18 °C. Humidity,...
Coupling DRNN with Numerical Simulations for the Thermal Performance Analysis of a Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger Using Cu/Water Nanofluid
Bouhelal Guendouz, Hamidou Benzenine, Mohammed Beldjilali, Kaddour Bahram, Rachid Saim
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(1):28-35 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.009
This study investigates the thermal performance of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, enhanced by using a Cu-water nanofluid on the shell side. A combined experimental and numerical approach was used to assess the effects of varying nanoparticle concentrations (2% to 6%) and cold-side flow rates (0.047 to 4 l/min). At 6% concentration, results showed a temperature increase of up to 7 °C on the shell side, a 12% improvement in thermal efficiency, and a global heat transfer coefficient reaching 8516.87 W, compared to pure water. Additionally, a deep recurrent neural network (DRNN) was implemented to predict key performance indicators: thermal efficiency,...
Detection of Straightness Deviation on a Production Machine in an Automatic Cycle
Artur Zawada, Mateusz Markiefka
Acta Mechanica Slovaca 2025, 29(1):22-27 | DOI: 10.21496/ams.2025.008
The article presents a method of measuring straightness of a metal flat bar on a production machine in an automatic cycle. The measurement was carried out while the production machine was operating, using a laser profilometer. In order to determine straightness, the measurement results were used along the entire length, the maximum deviation was calculated and presented, defining whether the measured part meets production requirements.